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AquaSpy Inc. is pleased to announce the first academic research publication reporting results from agricultural field investigations conducted with AquaSpy Crophesy LS-N.

AquaSpy is first to market with a novel in situ wireless, below-ground continuous moisture, air and nitrate monitoring probe. Layer by layer nitrate (NO3-N PPM) and ORP (Redox mV) sensors are part of a unique AquaStrip™ integrated with field-proven moisture, salinity (EC) and temperature data in a compact, slim wireless device.

Research conducted by Dr. Ali T. Mohammed, Assistant Professor at the School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona showed that Crophesy LS-N is an effective tool for near real-time monitoring of nitrate-N and soil moisture readings at 3-inch intervals down to 24 inches. Lettuce was planted in two research fields using commercial and organic production systems. Sensors were installed by the research team in accordance with AquaSpy recommendations. The system automatically acquired measurement data every 15 minutes and transmitted those data hourly to AquaSpy’s data management platform.

Results correlated well with results from concurrently drawn soil cores analyzed using lab tests. The system was responsive to mid-season nutrient addition (side-dress) and very responsive to irrigation events, indicative of the mobility of nitrate in wet soil.

Dynamic full-season data provided by Crophesy LS-N can bring a new level of relevance to Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) monitoring. While standard practice for lettuce farming in Yuma and many other cropping systems is to apply a large dose of pre-emergent nitrogen, studies have shown that many crops uptake little nitrogen early in the crop cycle, deferring the greatest rate of uptake to the vegetative development phase. The static nature of soil lab testing makes this method problematic for monitoring the relationship of nutrient concentration to growth phase for purposes of establishing NUE. With Crophesy LS-N, nutrient use can be carefully regulated, thus avoiding loss from leaching and denitrification.

AquaSpy supports the funded work of dedicated scientists investigating soil health monitoring and regenerative practices.

For questions about Crophesy LS-N, contact AquaSpy.

Performance Evaluation of Nitrate-Nitrogen Sensing Technologies in Organic and Conventional Iceberg Lettuce Systems under Subsurface Drip Irrigation

Publisher: College of Agriculture, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)

Abstract

Efficient nitrogen management in arid agricultural regions such as Yuma County, Arizona requires close coordination of irrigation and fertilizer applications because water movement within the soil profile directly affects nitrogen dynamics and plant uptake efficiency. This study evaluated near-real-time nitrate-N sensing technology under organic and conventional iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) production systems using subsurface drip irrigation. Field trials were conducted during the Fall 2024–Spring 2025 growing season at the University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center on a Gila silt loam soil.

Download the paper here

Biography

Dr. Ali Mohammed is an Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist in the School of Plant Sciences at the University of Arizona, based at the Yuma Agricultural Center. His work focuses on advancing sustainable organic agricultural practices in arid desert regions and holds statewide responsibility for Extension and research programs.


Dr. Mohammed earned his Master of Science in Mechanized Systems Management and his Ph.D. in Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. His research focused on evaluating irrigation and nitrogen management strategies across center pivot, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation systems, with an emphasis on maize evapotranspiration, crop water productivity, soil-water dynamics, and physiological responses such as stomatal resistance. This work contributed to advancements in precision agriculture and limited irrigation management.

He gained expertise in the strategic implementation of cutting-edge technologies designed to enhance smart-precision irrigation and nitrogen management. These include the adept utilization of wireless sensor networks, AI-driven CropCAM imaging sensors, Eddy Covariance, and the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance System. These systems play a crucial role in measuring greenhouse gas fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere, aiding in the understanding of carbon and water cycles.

Degrees

• Ph.D. Biological Engineering/Agricultural Engineering
  • University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
  • Maize growth, yield, water productivity, and evapotranspiration response to different irrigation methods and amounts and different timing and methods of nitrogen applications.
• M.S. Mechanized Systems Management
  • University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
  • Yield and crop water use efficiency response of drought-tolerant and conventional maize hybrids under different irrigation regimes, plant populations and climate gradients.
• B.S. Agricultural Mechanization
  • University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

Work Experience

• University of Arizona/Yuma Ag Center (2024 – Ongoing)
• Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute-Biological Systems Eng. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2023 – 2024)
• Biological Systems Eng. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2020 – 2023)
• Biological Systems Eng. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2015 – 2020)
• Biological Systems Eng. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2014 – 2015)
• Biological Systems Eng. University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2011 – 2013)

Nutrient management is the science-based planning and day‑to‑day practice of supplying crops with the right nutrients, in the right amounts, at the right time and place—using soil tests, crop needs, and site conditions to minimize losses to air and water while maximizing yield and return on investment.

The drivers for nutrient management in agriculture are cost savings on inputs, long-term soil/crop health, efficient irrigation and reduced environmental impact. For row crops, maximized yield has traditionally been the primary goal through the last 50 years. During that time, excessive use of inputs to guarantee highest yield has not done so, due largely to soil depletion. In addition, excess nutrients, notably water-soluble nitrate, have leeched into groundwater in concentrations where it is now present in the drinking water for a substantial portion of the population. It has become a priority for growers

The 4Rs / SMART approach

• Right Source – Nitrate fertilizer is available in many forms, the three most common being urea, anhydrous ammonia and a Urea/Ammonium nitrate mixture called UAN. All of these are delivered to the soil as ammonia (NH₃), which converts to ammonium (NH₄⁺) in the soil and binds to soil particle so that it is essentially immobile. Microbes in the soil can convert ammonium to soluble nitrate (NO₃), a reaction that requires oxygen present in the soil. Plants can take up ammonium or nitrate, but as nitrate is mobile in the soil, it is usually what is available to plant roots.
•  Right Rate – Growers and orchardists try to avoid excessive truck rolls to the field in order to lower equipment and labor costs. As a result they may fall into a habit of applying one or two large applications of fertilizer per year in quantities of sufficient size to “guarantee” yield performance. They may include inhibitors to prevent nitrification, keeping nitrate more or less immobile as ammonium. As an alternative, applying lesser quantities of fertilizer at greater frequency provides nitrate in development phases when plants need it most. Nitrate is absorbed, not leached into lower soil layers where it may be hidden from soil tests, and can eventually leach into groundwater. This can lead to less nitrate applied per season, less residual nitrate, and no need for inhibitors.
• Right Time – Growers should actively pre-empt scheduled rate applications for unexpected usually weather-related events. Light rains following a broadcast urea application can water in the fertilizer, heavy rains can wash it away. A warming trend followed by rainstorms can nitrify ammonium in the soil, then leach it down past the root zone where it is unavailable. Very warm weather following an application can trigger volatization of greenhouse gases. Because growers are adding less fertilizer more often they have mor latitude to delay an application for a few days to allow the situation to stabilize following a weather incident.
• Right Place – When plants are just post-emergent through early stages of growth they have very small roots. Fertilizer side dressed down the middle of rows by granular broadcasting or coulter-injecting anhydrous may be too far away for the young plant to access. One method for improving side dress placement uses proprietary Y-Drop applicators, which can be deployed with high-clearance systems for side-dress well into the growing season. Growers can better realize their right rate objectives by spoon-feeding fertilizer to the plants, avoiding excessive applications of fertilizer
• Assessment – SMART planning tailors the 4Rs to site‑specific soils, weather, crops, and management. The synergies growers can realize with consistent application of 4Rs to their respective cropping systems promotes healthier plant with fewer inputs and efficient application of irrigation.

Typical Plan Components

A SMART plan that effectively assists a grower in reducing inputs is a dynamic document. It does not have to be perfect or all inclusive, it can expand as time, experience and resources will allow to be more effective. SMART plans are very site specific, they take into account geographic variations, soil types, micro-climates, any and all factors that may affect the amount of N in the soil. A grower might do well to split the plan into multiple plans, one for each field or field type. Local Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) field offices have baseline information and guidelines that will help the grower get started as well as more general information on nutrient management. Typical plan components are as follows:

• Soil and tissue testing schedule and targets—Soil and tissue testing provide snapshot glimpses of a plant’s overall health. Taken at regular intervals they can provide rough trend data. For Phosphorous and Potassium, which are fairly stable in the soil and many micronutrients which are also stable, scheduled samples can be adequate. Nitrate, which is soluble and highly mobile, s difficult to track using static tests alone. Growers should always log all results and perform simple analysis’ on each nutrient concentration’s acceleration or decrease in the soil to monitor trends and make adjustments based on the soil’s needs and not at regular intervals.
• Nutrient budgets—In addition to the three well-known macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, there are three sub-nutrients sulfur, calcium, magnesium and eight micronutrients. All fourteen are required, the micronutrients essentially in trace amounts. Micronutrients overall are relatively stable in soil, but they can be sensitive to reaction with macronutrients and environmental factors. Zinc in particular is a component of many plant enzymes that facilitates important plant metabolic reactions. Zinc deficiency is an issue worldwide, as the soluble zinc divalent cation (Zn²⁺) binds readily with phosphorous in high pH soils, which limits availability of both nutrients. Manganese is another micronutrient that can be affected by high pH, and the availability of oxygen, as it can be oxidized into less soluble forms. High manganese concentration can limit availability of zinc. High iron levels can limit manganese availability, while high manganese levels can limit iron uptake. These relationships between nutrients are common, and the grower should be familiar with common nutrient issues for the region and the grower’s fields when compiling a nutrient budget.

Many growers begin a nutrient budget by compiling all of the potential input and output sources for nitrogen, the most prevalent nutrient by volume and the most volatile. Legumes can contribute substantially to nitrogen levels, as can mineralization of soil organic matter. Nitrogen can leave the soil profile through leaching, volatization or nitrification. The two grower activities that most influence nitrogen are direct addition of chemical nitrate fertilizer and removal through harvesting. With a basic nitrogen budget in hand, the grower can work through phosphorous, potassium, and the sub-nutrients. Balancing nutrients and their relationships in the soil is very regional and complex. A qualified agronomist can be quite valuable in assisting the grower with a successful budget.

• Field risk screening—Risk screening assesses the potential for nutrient loss due to factors such as field contour, natural/constructed drainage, proximity to ground/surface water, permeability of the soil through the entire soil profile, anticipated weather during the crop cycle, and types of crops. As part of the assessment residual or natural levels of certain nutrients, notably nitrogen and phosphorous, are evaluated to inform the applications rates of nutrients during the crop cycle. As every field and cropping system is different and some influencing factors are not obvious, it can be appropriate for the screening to be performed by an objective and well-experienced third party.
• Application methods— the plan may advocate for a departure from application methods used in previous seasons for reasons of cost, effectiveness or safety. Distribution methods such as Y-drop deliver fertilizer in close proximity to plant roots, increasing the opportunity for uptake. Anhydrous ammonia, while inexpensive and widely available, can be difficult to handle safely, and if improperly installed can be outgassed into the atmosphere.
• Timing windows Application timing is crucial to good nutrient management. For best plant development, the objective is to add appropriate quantities of nutrients when plants are at maximum vegetative growth phase, ensuring optimal uptake and minimizing excess residual fertilizer. Timing is also important to avoid problems presented by climate and weather. Early season rains can wash pre-emergent broadcast fertilizer into the drainage system. Late Summer derecho winds can blow dry fertilizer away. Rising soil temperatures can cause excessive nitrification of ammonium to nitrate, leading to leaching or volatization. Today’s grower should be attentive to the weather during the entire growing season. The plan should include specific strategies for taking best advantage of weather conditions.
• Irrigation—The plan may include migration to a different system of irrigation. While furrow irrigation is a less costly investment, it is also difficult to accurately and uniformly apply small amounts of water. Strategies for controlling leaching can involve smaller amount of nitrate fertilizer and smaller amounts of water. Drip and pivot sprinklers can deliver this level of control, but they have nozzles that may clog easily, especially with hard water.
• Recordkeeping and performance tracking—A grower’s county or state government may have specific requirements for reporting/record keeping. For each field and by crop/growing cycle, growers should keep records of manure introduced over the season. For each fertilizer application, date, type of fertilizer, amount, application method and growing stage at application. Growers should also record irrigation events by date/duration and rainfall. End of season, total yield can be recorded. Results of any soil tests and the latest risk assessment should be incorporated by reference or attached.

Why is nutrient management important?

Effective nutrient management does more than save money on nutrients. Aligning nutrient applications with plant demand and water events improves plant health and nutrition. Better crop quality can lead to better market prices. Healthier plants have been shown to ward off diseases and pests more effectively, requiring fewer pesticide/herbicide inputs. A reduction in nutrient, pesticide and herbicide inputs can greatly improve percentage of soil organic material, enhancing infiltration and the holding capacity of the soil for moisture. On a broader level, when growers practice good nutrient management there will at some point result in less nitrate and salinity in the groundwater that supplies public wells. Fewer greenhouse gases released will promote better air quality, and ultimately help the climate improve. It is good for everyone.

Regenerative agriculture is gaining traction as more and more growers explore methods of farming that go beyond simply being sustainable. This is a trend that’s supported by the growing interest of leading agribusiness in lowering the impact of food production. A recent study of 79 global agri-food companies found that 63% of them refer to the potential of regenerative agriculture as a solution to the climate and biodiversity crisis.  Agreeing that this is a move in the right direction, growers, crop consultants, and agribusinesses have been slowed in their progress by the realization that there are no globally recognized standards for regenerative agriculture as there are for organic farming. In part, this is because it’s not a one-size fits all proposition.

As a result, there are a number of different entities looking to establish agreed upon principles along with measurable goals that can tracked and used to guide progress.

The SAI Platform

SAI Platform is a nonprofit network of over 180 members worldwide who are working together to advance sustainable agriculture practices. One of their initiatives is the Farm Sustainability Assessment (FSA). The FSA is built round a simple of set of questions to farmers, giving food and drink businesses a standardized way to assess, improve and validate on-farm sustainability in their supply chains.

Sustainable Outcomes in Agriculture

In 2022, Syngenta launched the Sustainable Outcomes in Agriculture (SOA), standard, built upon the objectives of the FSA. The Syngenta SOA is enabled through their Cropwise™ Sustainability (CWS) app, aimed at connecting farmers with the supply chain and give them a way to identify opportunities for improvement.

Potato Sustainability Alliance

The Potato Sustainability Alliance (PSA) is an inclusive, pre-competitive collaboration of all players in the potato value chain including growers, processors and marketers, buyers, allied industries, non-profits and grower organizations. The PSA Program utilizes the Sustainable Outcomes in Agriculture (SOA) standard, enabled through the Cropwise™ Sustainability app, to measure, benchmark, and advance on-farm sustainability performance across PSA focus areas.

How AquaSpy make Sustainability Assessments quantifiable

To date, all regenerative ag assessments have largely been questionnaire driven, relying on post audits for validation. In order to be able to truly move the needle, growers need metrics to benchmark and monitor their process. Crop advisors and precision ag consultants need a measurable way to advise their growers on process control best management practices. Today, growers, advisors, and consultants can use AquaSpy reports to build the metrics they need to inform the FSA and SOA assessments.

Using AquaSpy reports, growers can:

• Improve infiltration (infiltration chart)
• Improve moisture retention capacity (infiltration over time)
• Appropriate timing and amount of irrigation in relation to crop requirements (summary graph green band)
• See added value of irrigation in relation to yield and quality of crops produced (YES! Score)
• Avoid build-up of soil toxicity or salinity (EC layer by layer)
• Soil Leaching Risk (EC layer by layer + soil moisture + root depth)

Understandably, regenerative ad needs to be a flexible framework to work across different soil types, regions, and crops. From the start, AquaSpy intelligent sensors and algorithms have been tuned to adapt to the unique growing needs of different crops and soil types.

Regenerative Agriculture FAQ:

What is organic farming vs. regenerative farming?

Both organic and regenerative farming focus on improving soil health and crop diversity but they are quite different. For one, organic farming is guided by a well-defined and tightly regulated practice, while regenerative farming focused on principles and is not well defined nor it is regulated. The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 focuses on the avoidance of synthetic chemical on certified organic crops. The National Organic Program (NOP) is a federal regulatory program that develops and enforces standards for organic produce sold in the US. NOP also accredits third-parties that certify farms and businesses. To be organic, growers can’t use genetically modified seeds and they can’t use most synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. However, there are no requirements around tilling (or not), cover cropping, water conservation, or incorporating animals. These latter are principles of regenerative farming that are tailored to the crop and the growing region.

Is there a regenerative organic certification?

Currently there is no mandated standardized certification for regenerative agriculture. However, there are some efforts being made in that direction. The Rodale Institute which originally coined the term “regenerative ag” has partnered with Dr. Bronners and Patagonia to develop The Regenerative Organic Certification (ROC). To meet become ROC certified, you must meet the USDA’s organic seal requirements before they can apply for ROC. To date, this is a voluntary certification and not legally mandated by any country.

Resources:

https://rodaleinstitute.org

https://www.foodunfolded.com/article/the-push-to-standardise-regenerative-agriculture

https://kisstheground.com/education/resources/regenerative-agriculture

https://www.nal.usda.gov/farms-and-agricultural-production-systems/sustainable-agriculture

Want to learn more about how AquaSpy reporting can make your regenerative ag practices measurable? Contact sales today.

Seattle, WA TEAL, a pioneering force in the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity space, is excited to announce a groundbreaking partnership with AquaSpy, a leading innovator in agricultural technology. This collaboration marks a significant leap forward in the realm of soil moisture monitoring, enhancing both reliability and efficiency for farmers worldwide.

“The primary reason for our success with TEAL is the excellent carrier coverage. Operating in rural America and internationally, we need access to the carrier with the best signal strength at any location. TEAL’s eSIM cards always find the best carrier, ensuring our devices work seamlessly,” said Peter Ellegaard, AquaSpy CTO.

Before partnering with TEAL, AquaSpy faced significant challenges in offering a fully wireless, seamless solution for soil moisture monitoring. Traditional systems relied heavily on solar power, cables, and towers, which were prone to damage by critters or farm equipment. This often led to potential data loss and increased maintenance costs. Additionally, AquaSpy required a connectivity solution that could provide consistent carrier coverage, particularly in rural and remote areas where signal strength can be variable. Managing multiple SIMs and carrier contracts also posed a logistical challenge, especially as AquaSpy expanded its operations globally.

TEAL is helping AquaSpy by providing advanced connectivity solutions through its universal global profile and cutting-edge eSIM technology.

“We have better global reach since TEAL has an excellent global profile across thousands of carriers around the world. Our clients no longer need to figure out the best carrier coverage in their area. TEAL’s solution just works,” Peter Ellegaard added.

By leveraging TEAL’s advanced eSIM technology, AquaSpy has significantly enhanced its product offering, streamlined global operations, and improved the reliability and efficiency of its soil moisture monitoring systems.

Kathleen Glass, the VP of Marketing at AquaSpy, emphasized the importance of global connectivity: “We work with international food and beverage brands and large ag retailers focused on helping their growers conserve water while ensuring consistent yield and crop quality. TEAL’s wireless technology supports partners and growers as far away as Chile, Nigeria, and Egypt with ease.”

With TEAL, AquaSpy is able to offer a state-of-the-art, fully wireless solution that meets the needs of modern, regenerative agriculture worldwide.

“Merging our eSIM technology with AquaSpy’s cutting-edge soil moisture sensors empowers farmers with critical data and tools to refine their irrigation techniques. This collaboration is set to drive sustainability and boost productivity in farming operations globally,” said Robby Hamblet, CEO of TEAL.

This partnership underscores both companies’ commitment to driving technological advancements in agriculture, ensuring that farmers around the world have the tools they need to thrive in an increasingly complex and competitive market.

—

About TEAL

TEAL’s patented, GSMA certified technology connects any compatible device onto any data network worldwide. With more network operator agreements than any other connectivity provider, TEAL gives businesses everywhere the flexibility and control to remotely switch between networks, ensuring the highest level of reliability and performance for any internet of things (IoT) deployment. TEAL supports customers across many industries including, agriculture, fleet management, robotics, drones, industrial IoT, healthcare, railways, smart city infrastructure, and oil & gas.

For more information, please contact:

info@tealcommunications.com

Read the AquaSpy eSiM Case Study on Tealcom.io

Listen to the IoT Connect Podcast with AquaSpy Founder / CTO and VP of Marketing

After decades of enjoying increasing yields, in the past few years, farmers are finding that the traditional methods they used to maximize yield to be profitable, simply aren’t working. Farmers are under pressure from shrinking subsidies and mounting climate threats that range from drought and record heat to floods and decreasing soil fertility and health. These impacts leave growers increasingly looking for new ways to be profitable.

Related article from Agriculture Dive.

In many cases, multi-generational growers are irrigating and fertilizing the same way in their fields that they have been for generations, pouring on water and fertilizers to push for maximum yield. Over time, between the soil depletion and climate changes, the soil may not have the same holding capacity, or weather conditions are impacting the soil. In addition, salinity levels are rising as there is less beneficial rain in many regions along with shrinking aquifers.

What all this means is that it’s even more important than ever to not just know if the top few inches of soil are wet or dry or leaves are wilting to make that crucial (and expensive) decision to turn on the pivot. Today, intelligent below ground sensors can help farmers know where the active root zone is at any point in the season and if the water is available there where it’s needed. This technology can also show if the crop is actually taking up the available moisture. Once you have that complete picture, you have the elements for the process control needed for irrigation water management.

By using intelligent, layer-by-layer soil moisture monitoring technology, you’ll find that in most cases, how you irrigate today will dramatically change. And those changes will mean you can still get good yields while cutting your inputs of water and nutrients by up to half.

You can see this yourself by testing the technology out in a field. You can also check out years of competition results from UNL TAPS or similar programs in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas High Plains, Colorado, and Mississippi. Launched in 2017, these annual farm competitions and master irrigator programs offer farmers a way to compare / contract various operational approaches. AquaSpy has supported UNL TAPS from the very start. Typically the winners of the Farm Profitability challenge use AquaSpy below ground sensor technology to guide their winning decisions around irrigation and nutrient inputs that lets them gain solid yields while minimizing inputs and driving farm profitability.

Below ground, layer-by-layer insight is critical for crops which need to have water where and when it’s needed most for yield efficiency.

AquaSpy’s patented multi-sensor probes measure soil moisture, salinity, temperature and root zone activity independently at 4-inch intervals all the way down to 48 inches. Proprietary algorithms give yield-optimizing insights for ideal irrigation at critical growth stages that impact the outcome of crop yields. The powerful AgSpy system provides analysis and actionable insights so growers can easily understand what is going on without having to visit the orchard or farm. To try it in your field, contact us today.

Related reading: Beyond the pivot: 5 ways AquaSpy technology improves yield and soil health

AquaSpy will be exhibiting at this year’s Tech Hub LIVE Conference and Expo, taking place July 29-31, 2024, at the Iowa Events Center in Des Moines, Iowa.

If you plan on attending, please be sure to stop by and visit AquaSpy at Booth 413 for a preview of our first-in-industry innovation.

At our Tech Talk on Tuesday, July 30th, 1:00-1:10 PM, we will give a sneak preview of our Below Ground Innovation: AquaSpy Showcases First Continuous In Situ Monitoring Tech for Nitrate and ORP.

The 4^th Annual Tech Hub LIVE Conference & Expo, powered by the CropLife Media Group®, the nation’s leading voice for the ag retail industry, in collaboration with the Global AgTech Initiative^SM and AgriBusiness Global brands, is a must-attend event for those developing and deploying the latest ag technologies to advance agribusiness.

Tech Hub LIVE Conference & Expo is the premier event convening the ag tech and ag retail communities to connect, engage, and share insights and experiences with the latest innovations to deploy data-driven tech-enabled agriculture solutions. 

There will be over 80 exhibits and a full schedule of sessions led by industry leaders discussing a variety of pertinent topics, including: 

• Retailer Executive Think Tank
• All-Farmer Panel
• Grower-Advisor Relationships
• Getting Maximum ROI from Tech Investments
• Putting AI to Use
• Autonomous Vehicles
• Soil Health
• Climate Smart Ag
• Data Standards
• Fintech
• Fireside Chats
• Tech Talks
• Roundtable Discussions 

Use Promo Code: THLEX24 to save $100 off registration!